Ultrasonic cleaning uses cavitation generated by acoustic waves in a liquid to dislodge contaminants. It is effective for complex geometries and blind vias but must be tuned to avoid component damage.

How ultrasonic cleaning works

High-frequency transducers create alternating pressure cycles in the cleaning bath. Microbubbles form and collapse, producing localized forces that dislodge residues and particles. Cavitation intensity depends on frequency, power, load, and tank geometry.

Key parameters

• frequency: lower (20-40 kHz) gives stronger cavitation; higher (80-130 kHz) provides gentler cleaning

• power density: affects cleaning speed and risk of damage

• temperature: elevated temperatures enhance chemistry action

• agitation and basket design: ensure uniform exposure

Advantages of ultrasonic cleaning

Ultrasonic excels at removing tenacious flux, conformal coating residues, and particulates from recessed features. It shortens cycle times and can reduce chemical concentration requirements.

Advantages

• high cleaning efficiency for complex features

• compatible with aqueous chemistries for safer operations

• can reduce mechanical scrubbing requirements

• scalable from lab to production with proven repeatability

ZESTRON chemistry formulations are often optimized for ultrasonic systems to balance performance and material compatibility.